Manual Testing Questions

What is Smoke Testing?

Smoke Testing: This is build acceptance Testing performed after build is released to the Testing. This Testing is done to check the major functionalities are working fine or not.

What is Sanity Testing?

Sanity Testing: This is build acceptance Testing performed after build is released to the Production. This Testing is done to check the major functionalities are working fine or not.

What is Re-Testing?

Retesting: Retesting is performed after Defect is fixed to verify whether fix is working fine

What is Regression Testing?

Regression: Regression is performed in 3 ways to make sure existing functionality is not disturbed during the changes.

1. Whenever new build is released

2. Whenever a defect is fixed

3. Whenever environment changes are happened

What is UAT?

UAT (User acceptance Testing): UAT is performed verify whether build is acceptable to customer before releasing to the production. We have 2 types of UAT testing:

1. Alpha - Testing

2. Beta - Testing

Alpha-Testing is performed at development site in the presence of the customer

Beta-Testing is performed at production site in the presence of the customer

What is Defect Life Cycle:

Defect Life Cycle: We can say Defect Life Cycle means "the travel of the defect from Open status to Closed status"

There different phases of a Defect:

1. Open

2. In progress

3. Fixed

4. Resolved

5. Closed

6. Reopened

7. Invalid

8. Deferred

-> Whenever a Tester raised the defect, the status of the defect is 'open'.

-> It is moved to "Inprogress" when Developer accepts the defect as Bug

-> When developer gives the fix for the defect then, the status is moved to 'Fixed'

-> Once the defect is fixed, Tester does Retesting. If functionality is working as expected, the status is moved to 'Resolved'

-> If the Functionality is not working as expected, then the status of the defect is moved to 'Re-Opened'

-> All Resolved Defects are moved to the 'Closed' status by the Test Lead.

-> Whenever defect is raised and developer thinks it is working fine. He changes the defect status to 'Invalid'

-> If there are any minor defects and those are not required to fix in the current release the Defect status is moved to 'Deferred' 

What is the deferred status?

If there are any minor defects and those are not required to fix in the current release then, the Defect status is moved to 'Deferred'.

What is Priority and its Levels?

Priority tells How urgency, the defect need to be fixed. It is Client Point of View.

Priority Levels can be:

1. Blocker

2. Critical

3. Major

4. Medium

5. Minor

6. Low

What is Severity and its Levels?

Severity tells the impact of the defect on the application. 

Deferent Severity Levels are:

1. Blocker

2. Critical

3. Major

4. Medium

5. Minor

6. Low

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What is FileSystem? - Linux
    How to copy a file from one system to another system? - Linux
    How to search a text from a file without Vi editor. - Linux
    

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Variables and Methods

Variables:

Variable is a name given to a memory location in which, we can store some value which can be used in a program.

Variable Declaration: It is process of specifying what type of data to be stored into the memory location.

              Syntax:     datatype <variable_name>  OR datatype <var1>, <var2>, <var3>

Ex: 

                          int age;  (age is a variable name given to a memory location where we can store integer type of data)

                          float marks;

                          char c;

                          boolean status;

 

1. A Java program can contain any number of variables.

2. In java language, the variable must be first declare then use it. We cannot use the variable without declaring it.

Rules in a variable Declaration:

·         A java program can contain any number of variables

·         The declaration of the variable is dynamic that means we can declare a variable anywhere in a program.

·         The variable in java language must be first declare and use. (java is strongly typed language)

·         When a variable is declared, the memory for that variable is allocated depending upon the data type that is specified

·         Once a variable is declared, the memory for that variable will be allocated and the variable will be automatically initialized with the default value of that corresponding data type.

Data Type                    Default Value            Data Type                     Default Value

  byte                ->                  0                           float                                    0.0

  short               ->                  0                           double                                0.0

  int                  ->                   0                           char                                    space

  long               ->                   0                           boolean                               false

 

              The default data type under integer category is “int”. The default data type under floating point category is “double”.

              If a variable is declared and if we do not provide any value, then that variable will be automatically initialized with the default value.

 

Declaring and Initializing a Variable:

              The variable can be initialized with our own values at the time of declaration.

Syntax:

          datatype <variable_name> = <value>;                     (OR)

          datatype <variable_name1> = value1, <variable_name2> = value2  so on……

Ex:    int a = 12;        OR      int a=10, b=20, c=30;

Initialization: The process of providing a value to the variable for the first time is called a initialization.

Assignment: The process of providing a value to a variable second time onwards is called a assignment.

              The value of a variable can be changed during the execution of a program that a variable can be assigned any number of times but variable can be initialized only one time.

              Ex:       int a=10;          // Initializing

                          int a=20;          // Assigning

Note: We can also call a value as a literal.

                          int a = 10;                    // 10 is integral literal

                          float b = 12.2               // 12.2 is floating point literal

                          char c = ‘$’                  // $ is character literal

Method: A method is a block of code that perform some task or an action.

JVM executes a method only when we call or invoke it.

We write a method once and use it many times. We do not require to write code again and again.

A method must be declared within a class.

A method can be called any number of times.

Method Creation Syntax:

              <access specifier> <return type> <method name>(parameters list){

            //Method body

}

Example of Method Creation:

public void addition(int a, int b) {

           System.out.println(a+b);

}

A method contains Two parts. Method Header and Method Body. Method header contains 4 components those are access specifier, return type, method name and parameters.

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Why Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

       WebDriver driver =  new FirefoxDriver();
                  (vs)

       FirefoxDriver driver =  new FirefoxDriver();

WebDriver -> is an Interface

FirefoxDriver, ChromeDriver, IEDriver -> are classes

All the abstract methods of Webdriver interface are implemented in RemortWebDriver class which is extended by browser classes such as FirefoxDriver, ChromeDriver etc.,

In the above first statements we are creating objects for the browser class and casting it to WebDriver interface reference variable. 
In the statement FirefoxDriver driver =  new FirefoxDriver();,
The FirefoxDriver instance which gets created will be only able to invoke and act on the methods implemented by FirefoxDriver.. Using this statement, we can run our scripts only on Firefox Browser

To act with other browsers we have to specifically create individual objects as below:
ChromeDriver driver =  new ChromeDriver();
InternetExplorerDriver driver =  new InternetExplorerDriver();

To achieve we go for 
WebDriver driver =  new FirefoxDriver();
Whenever object is creating for the browser class and casting it to same driver reference variable
It helps you when you do testing on multiple browsers.
This is happening in dynamically run time. So that we can dynamic Polymorphism is applying here.

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Selenium Example: How to verify whether the table column is sorted or not?

Question: How do you check whether a table data(values) is sorted or not? Sorting happens when clicking on Table Header(Ex: Name, which is a link).

Name

Venu

Avinash

Dharma

Answer:
We can take an array of String type as expected values and consider the column values which need to be verify are as actual values. Which can be resolved by below example.

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.List;

public class CompareTwoLists {

       public static void main(String[] ar){

              List<String> expdValues = new ArrayList<String>();

              expdValues.add("venu");

              expdValues.add("avinash");

              expdValues.add("dharma");

              Collections.sort(expdValues);     //to arrange given list in sorting

             

              List<String> actValues = new ArrayList<String>();

              actValues.add("dharma");

              actValues.add("venu");

              expdValues.add("avinash");

              Collections.sort(actValues);

             

              if(expdValues.equals(actValues)){

                     System.out.println("Given Lists are Matched");

              }else{

                     System.out.println("Given lists are not matched");

              }

       }

}

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Introduction to Java

What is java?

Java is a programming language and a computing platform for application development.
It was first released by Sun Microsystem in 1995 and later acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2010.
In 2006 Sun started to make Java available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
Lets see the phases of execution of a Java program:

1. Writing of the program is of course done by java programmer
2. Compilation of program is done by javac compiler, javac is the primary java compiler included in java development kit (JDK). It takes java program as input and generates java bytecode as output.
3. In third phase, JVM executes the bytecode generated by compiler. This is called program run phase.

So, now that we understood that the primary function of JVM is to execute the bytecode produced by compiler. Each operating system has different JVM, however the output they produce after execution of bytecode is same across all operating systems. That is why we call java as platform independent language.

Note: To execute any java program, need to install the JDK

Why java language and its features?

Java is popular because of the following features:

1. Simple programming language
2. Object Oriented Language
3. Distributed
4. Robust
5. Architecture Neutral or Machine Independent
6. Portable
7. Interpreted
8. High Performance
9. Multithreaded
10. Dynamic

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Difference between Selenium 1, Selenium 2 and Selenium 3

1. Selenium 1 = Selenium Remote Control
2. Selenium 2 = Selenium Webdriver, which combines elements of Selenium 1 and Webdriver.
3. Selenium 3 = Selenium  1 + Selenium 2 (RC is deprecated and moved to legacy package)

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